Applied Mathematics-II is specially designed for the first year Diploma engineering students of the BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION UTTAR PRADESH  . The book provides a detailed coverage of all the topics taught in Applied Mathematics - II offered in the second semester.

Course is based on AKTUstudents,affiliated by AKTU,UP,India.

Data Compression (KCS-064) 

Course Outcome 

 At the end of course , the student will be able to 

1 Describe the evolution and fundamental concepts of Data Compression and Coding Techniques. 

2 Apply and compare different static coding techniques (Huffman & Arithmetic coding) for text compression.

3 Apply and compare different dynamic coding techniques (Dictionary Technique) for text compression.

4 Evaluate the performance of predictive coding technique for Image Compression.

5 Apply and compare different Quantization Techniques for Image Compression.

Course Objective

The students will be able to:

• To understand the basic concepts of IoT, followed by major components, its layer architecture, and how IoT is impacting the Industry in various forms along with major applications.
• To make students aware of basic concepts of cloud computing, its benefits, and different applications along with insights of major service providers.
• To understand the basic concepts of Blockchain and its underlying technologies with its implementation as cryptocurrencies.
• To understand the concept of Additive Manufacturing, its applications in various fields, and the basic concepts of drones, their assembly, and government regulations involved.
• To introduce students to the upcoming technology and to develop the required skills for practical applications.

CO 1-Identify project planning objectives, along with various cost/effort estimation models

CO 2-Organize & schedule project activities to compute critical path for risk analysis

CO 3-Monitor and control project activities.

CO 4-Formulate testing objectives and test plan to ensure good software quality under SEI-CMM.

CO 5-Configure changes and manage risks using project management tools

C++ is a very popular language for performance-critical applications that rely on speed and efficient memory management. It’s used in a wide range of industries including software and game development, VR, robotics, and scientific computing.

CO 1 Explain various software characteristics and analyze different software Development Models. 

CO 2 Demonstrate the contents of a SRS and apply basic software quality assurance practices to ensure that design, development meet or exceed applicable standards.

CO 3 Compare and contrast various methods for software design 

CO 4 Formulate testing strategy for software systems, employ techniques such as unit testing, Test driven development and functional testing.

CO 5 Manage software development process independently as well as in teams and make use of Various software management tools for development, maintenance and analysis.

 An image processor, also known as an image processing engine, image processing unit (IPU), or image signal processor (ISP), is a type of media processor or specialized Digital Signal Processor (DSP) used for Image Processing Image processors often employ Parallel Computing even with SIMD or MIMD technologies to increase speed and efficiency. The Digital Image processing engine can perform a range of tasks. To increase the system integration on embedded devices, often it is a system on a chip with multi core architecture.

Automata Theory is an exciting, theoretical branch of computer science. It established its roots during the 20th Century, as mathematicians began developing - both theoretically and literally - machines which imitated certain features of the man, completing calculations more quickly and reliably. The word automaton itself, closely related to the word "automation", denotes automatic processes carrying out the production of specific processes. Simply stated, automata theory deals with the logic of computation with respect to simple machines, referred to as automata. Through automata, computer scientists are able to understand how machines compute functions and solve problems and more importantly, what it means for a function to be defined as computable or for a question to be described as decidable.

Automatons are abstract models of machines that perform computations on an input by moving through a series of states or configurations. At each stage of the computation, a transition function determines the next configuration on the basis of a finite portion of the present configuration.

UNIT I

Introduction: Basic Terminology, Elementary Data Organization, Algorithm, Efficiency of an Algorithm, Time and Space Complexity, Asymptotic notations: Big-Oh, Time-Space trade-off.

Abstract Data Types (ADT), Arrays: Definition, Single and Multidimensional Arrays, Representation of Arrays: Row Major Order, and Column Major Order, Application of arrays, Sparse Matrices and their representations.

Linked lists: Array Implementation and Dynamic Implementation of Singly Linked Lists, Doubly Linked List, Circularly Linked List, Operations on a Linked List. Insertion, Deletion, Traversal, Polynomial Representation and Addition, Generalized Linked List.

UNIT II

Stacks: Abstract Data Type, Primitive Stack operations: Push & Pop, Array and Linked Implementation of Stack in C, Application of stack: Prefix and Postfix Expressions, Evaluation of postfix expression, Recursion, Tower of Hanoi Problem, Simulating Recursion, Principles of recursion, Tail recursion, Removal of recursion Queues, Operations on Queue: Create, Add, Delete, Full and Empty, Circular queues, Array and linked implementation of queues in C, Dequeue and Priority Queue.

UNIT III

Trees: Basic terminology, Binary Trees, Binary Tree Representation: Array Representation and Dynamic Representation, Complete Binary Tree, Algebraic Expressions, Extended Binary Trees, Array and Linked Representation of Binary trees, Tree Traversal algorithms: Inorder, Preorder and Postorder, Threaded Binary trees, Traversing Threaded Binary trees, Huffman algorithm.

UNIT IV

Graphs: Terminology, Sequential and linked Representations of Graphs: Adjacency Matrices, Adjacency List, Adjacency Multi list, Graph Traversal : Depth First Search and Breadth First Search, Connected Component, Spanning Trees, Minimum Cost Spanning Trees: Prims and Kruskal algorithm. Transitive Closure and Shortest Path algorithm: Warshal Algorithm and Dijikstra Algorithm, Introduction to Activity Networks.

UNIT V

Searching: Sequential search, Binary Search, Comparison and Analysis Internal Sorting: Insertion Sort, Selection, Bubble Sort, Quick Sort, Two Way Merge Sort, Heap Sort, Radix Sort, Practical consideration for Internal Sorting.

Search Trees: Binary Search Trees (BST), Insertion and Deletion in BST, Complexity of Search Algorithm, AVL trees, Introduction to m-way Search Trees, B Trees & B+ Trees .

Hashing: Hash Function, Collision Resolution Strategies.

Storage Management: Garbage Collection and Compaction.

UNIT-I: Two-dimensional force systems: Basic concepts, Laws of motion, Principle of transmissibility of forces, transfer of a force to parallel position, resultant of a force system, simplest resultant of two dimensional concurrent and non-concurrent force systems, distribution of force systems, free body diagrams, equilibrium and equations of equilibrium. Friction: Friction force – Laws of sliding friction – equilibrium analysis of simple systems with sliding friction – wedge friction.

 UNIT-II: Beam: Introduction, shear force and bending moment, different equations of equilibrium, shear force and bending moment diagram for statically determined beams. Trusses: Introduction, simple truss and solution of simple truss, methods of F-joint and methods of sections. 

UNIT-III: Centroid and moment of inertia: Centroid of plane, curve, area, volume and composite bodies, moment of inertia of plane area, parallel axis theorem, perpendicular axis theorem, principle moment of inertia, mass moment of inertia of circular ring, disc, cylinder, sphere, and cone about their axis of symmetry. 

UNIT-IV: Kinematics of rigid body: Introduction, plane motion of rigid body, velocity and acceleration under translational and rotational motion, relative velocity. Kinetics of rigid body: Introduction, force, mass and acceleration, work and energy, impulse and momentum, D’Alembert’s principle and dynamic equilibrium. 

UNIT-V: Simple stress and strain: Introduction, normal and shear stresses, stress-strain diagrams for ductile and brittle material, elastic constants, one-dimensional loading of members of varying cross sections, strain energy. Pure bending of beams: Introduction, simple bending theory, stress in beams of different cross sections. Torsion: Introduction, torsion of shafts of circular cross sections, torque and twist, shear stress due to torque.

INTRODUCTION

1) Understand the principles of kinematics and dynamics of machines.

 2) Calculate the velocity and acceleration for 4‐bar and slider crank mechanism.

3) Develop cam profile for followers executing various types of motions 

4) Apply the concept of gear, gear train and flywheel for power transmission 

5) Apply dynamic force analysis for slider crank mechanism and balance rotating & reciprocating masses in machines. 

6)  Apply the concepts of gyroscope, governors in fluctuation of load and brake & dynamometer in power transmission.

Advanced Welding provides students with opportunities to effectively perform cutting and welding applications of increasing complexity used in the advanced manufacturing industry. Proficient students will build on the knowledge and skills of the Welding Technology course while learning additional welding techniques not covered in previous courses. Specifically, students will be proficient in fundamental safety practices in welding, gas metal arc welding (GMAW), gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), and quality control methods. Upon completion of the Advanced Welding Technology course, proficient students will be prepared to complete the American Welding Society (AWS) Entry Welder qualification and certification.

Basic Concept of Thermodynamics relevant course.

CO1 Describe the methods of electric heating and their advantages.

CO2 Explain the types of Electric welding and the principle of Electro-deposition, laws of electrolysis and its applications

CO3 Explain the laws of illumination and explain the principle of refrigeration and air-conditioning.

CO4 Describe the different types of Electric traction, system of track electrification and its related mechanics.

CO5 Describe the salient features of traction drive and concept of energy saving using power electronic control of AC and DC drives

CO 1 Obtain transfer functions to predict the correct operation of open loop and closed loop control systems and identify the basic elements, structures and the characteristics of feedback control systems.

CO 2 Measure and evaluate the performance of basic control systems in time domain. Design specification for different control action.

CO 3 Analyze the stability of linear time-invariant systems in time domain using RouthHurwitz criterion and root locus technique.

CO 4 Determine the stability of linear time-invariant systems in frequency domain using Nyquist criterion and Bode plot.

CO 5 Design different type of compensators to achieve the desired performance of control System by root locus and Bode plot method. Develop and analyze the intermediate states of the system using state space analysis.

Power system-I acquaints a students with various components of Power system. It starts from the concept of generation of electrical power and carries on through transmission and then ultimately to the consumer's end. 

Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, art, and science of determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them. A land surveying professional is called a land surveyor. These points are usually on the surface of the Earth, and they are often used to establish maps and boundaries for ownership, locations, such as the designed positions of structural components for construction or the surface location of subsurface features

Environmental engineering lab helps in the pollution prevention as , water  testing is done in the lab. As a result of these tests, various remedies can be suggested to reduce the environmental pollution. The purpose of this lab is to make the students aware of the permissible effect of water . 

UNIT-1 INTRODUCTION OF OPEN CHANNEL FLOW

The analysis of flow patterns of water surface shape, velocity, shear stress and discharge through a stream reach falls under the heading Open Channel Flow.

Open Channel Flow is defined as fluid flow with a free surface open to the atmosphere. Examples include streams, rivers and culverts not flowing full. Open channel flow assumes that the pressure at the surface is constant and the hydraulic grade line is at the surface of the fluid

Steady and unsteady flow depend on whether flow depth and velocity change with time at a point. In general if the quantity of water entering and leaving the reach does not change, then the flow is considered steady.

Steady flow in a channel can be either Uniform or Non-uniform (varied).When the average velocities in successive cross sections of a channel are the same, the flow is uniform. This occurs only when the cross section is constant. Non-uniform flow results from gradual or sudden changes in the cross sectional area.

Uniform flow and varied flow describe the changes in depth and velocity with respect to distance. If the water surface is parallel to the channel bottom flow is uniform and the water surface is at normal depth. Varied flow or non-uniform flow occurs when depth or velocity change over a distance, like in a constriction or over a riffle. Gradually varied flow occurs when the change is small, and rapidly varied flow occurs when the change is large, for example a wave,  waterfall, or the rapid transition from a stream channel into the inlet of a culvert.

1. Steady and Unsteady Flow
2. Uniform Flow and Non-Uniform Flow
3. Laminar Flow and Turbulent Flow
4. Critical, Sub-Critical and Super - Critical Flow

1. Steady and Unsteady Flow

Materials testing, measurement of the characteristics and behaviour of such substances as Building materials, ceramics, or plastics under various conditions. The data thus obtained can be used in specifying the suitability of materials for various applications—e.g., building or construction, machinery, or packaging

Solid mechanics, also known as mechanics of solids, is the branch of continuum mechanics that studies the behavior of solid materials, especially their motion and deformation under the action of forces, temperature changes, phase changes, and other external or internal agents.

UNIT I 

Microprocessor evolution and types, microprocessor architecture and operation of its components, addressing modes, interrupts, data transfer schemes, instruction and data flow, timer and timing diagram, Interfacing devices.

UNIT II

Pin diagram and internal architecture of 8085 microprocessor, registers, ALU, Control & status, interrupt and machine cycle. Instruction sets. Addressing modes. Instruction formats Instruction Classification: data transfer, arithmetic operations, logical operations, branching operations, machine control and assembler directives.

Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry deals with basic organic chemistry.

Pharmaceutics is the discipline of pharmacy that deals with the process of turning a new chemical entity (NCE) or old drugs into a medication to be used safely and effectively by patients. It is also called the science of dosage form design.